Brain-related genes stand out as the difference between modern people and a group of archaic humans, report forensic genetics researchers.
In the full genome map created from an estimated 80,000 year-old tooth and pinky bone found in Siberia's Denisova cave, a team of researchers led by Svante Paabo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology confirm the "Denisovans" were likely a group of primitive humans related to our vanished Neanderthal cousins, and to some of us today.
They report in the current edition of Science, that Denisovan genes are tied most strongly to modern-day people living in New Guinea and nearby.
"We find no trace of Denisovan genetic material in mainland Eurasia, including in mainland Southeast Asia, to the limits of our resolution," says study co-author David Reich of Harvard Medical School.
"However, it's clear that Denisovan genetic material has contributed 3 percent to 5 percent of the genomes of people in Australia and New Guinea and aboriginal people from the Philippines and some of the island nearby."
The "archaic" human species likely lived across parts of Asia when modern humans expanded out of Africa around 60,000 years ago.
Some mated, passing along their genes the study confirms from results first reported in 2010. Paabo suggests that other ancient primitive human species, like the Neanderthals and Denisovans (who appear relatedto each other by a common ancestor dating back as far as 700,000 years ago) likely await discovery using modern methods of assembling gene maps from ancient bones.
Whether the genes that modern people possess which were absent in Denisovans' genome account for modern people's success remains unclear, Paabo notes. "
And it's quite interesting for me to note that eight of them has to do with brain function and brain development, the connectivity in the brain of synapses between nerve cells function, and some of them have to do with genes that, for example, can cause autism when these genes are mutated," Paabo says. "So I think that this is perhaps in the long term to me the most fascinating thing about this, what it will tell us in the future about what makes us special in the world relative to the Denisovans and Neandertals." (ScienceFair)
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